After a translation mistake, it was given the name Historia general de las Cosas de Nueva España. Explore. The Digital Edition of the Florentine Codex: Author: Gary Francisco Keller, artwork created under supervision of Bernardino de Sahagún between 1540 and 1585. The missionary Sahagún had the goal of evangelizing the indigenous Mesoamerican peoples, and his writings were devoted to this end. H. B. Nicholson, "Fray Bernardino De Sahagún: A Spanish Missionary in New Spain, 1529-1590," in, Charles Dibble, "Sahagún's Historia", in, José Fernando Ramírez, "Códices majicanos de fr. Nov 2, 2019 - The Florentine Codex- Aztec Gods II - Florentine Codex - Wikipedia Other resolutions: 320 × 141 pixels | 640 × 283 pixels | 1,024 × 453 pixels | 2,308 × 1,020 pixels. Architecture. Additionally, Magaloni studied the different artists' treatments of lines. After a translation mistake, it was given the name Historia general de las Cosas de Nueva España. ", D. Robertson, "The Sixteenth Century Mexican Encyclopedia of Fray Bernardino de Sahagún,". The drawings in this section provide important visual information to amplify the alphabetic text. Art. Despite this ban Sahagún made two more copies of his Historia general. Licensing. About the creation of the gods. Nov 2, 2019 - The Florentine Codex- Life in Mesoamerica I - Florentine Codex - Wikipedia. The Florentine Codex is a 16th century ethnographic research project in Mesoamerica by Franciscan friar Bernardino de Sahagún. [22] “Very likely,” historian James Lockhart notes, “Sahagún himself devised the chapter titles, in Spanish, and the Nahuatl chapter titles may well be a translation of them, reversing the usual process.”[23], After the facsimile edition became available generally in 1979, the illustrations of the Florentine Codex could be analyzed in detail. Florentine Codex. Charles Dibble and Arthur J.O. Humanity (society, politics, economics, including anatomy and disease). This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Florentine. pp. Explore. Some are colorful and large, taking up most of a page; others are black and white sketches. The Florentine Codex is the name given to 12 books created under the supervision of Bernardino de Sahagún between approximately 1540 and 1585. The Merchants. Explore. Anderson (eds., trans., notes and illus.) Licensing . A Codex Laurentianus identifies any of the book-bound manuscripts in the library. Reproduction from the MS. held at Biblioteca Medicea Laurenziana, Florence. Deals with foretelling these natives made from birds, animals, and insects in order to foretell the future. A versão final do Códice Florentino foi concluída em 1569. The Aztecs: Ancient Peoples and Places (3rd ed.). September 2020. Eloise Quiñones Keber, "Reading Images: The Making and Meaning of the Sahaguntine Illustrations," in. All structured data from the file and property namespaces is available under the. From Wikimedia Commons, the free media repository, Codice fiorentino (it); Codex de Florence (fr); Historia general de las cosas de Nueva España (nah); Флорентийский кодекс (ru); Codex Florentinus (de); Historia general de las cosas de la Nueva España (pt); 佛羅倫薩法典 (zh); フェレンツェの絵文書 (ja); Kodeks Firenze (id); Kodeks Florentino (pl); Флорентійський кодекс (uk); Florentijnse codex (nl); Florentinerkodeksen (nb); Historia general de las cosas de Nueva España (es); Florentine Codex (en); Ĝenerala historio pri la aferoj de Nova Hispanio (eo); Codex Florentinus (cs); Historia general de las cosas de Nueva España (ca) crónica de Indias escrita por Bernardino de Sahagún (es); Buch von Bernardino de Sahagún (de); book by Bernardino de Sahagún (en); livre de Bernardino de Sahagún (fr); ספר מאת ברנרדינו דה סהגון (he); boek van Bernardino de Sahagún (nl) Codice Fiorentino (it); フィレンツェの絵文書, フィレンツェ絵文書, コデックス#新大陸のコデックス(絵文書), ヌエバ・エスパーニャ諸事物概史 (ja); Codex de florence, Codex De Florence, Codex florentin, Histoire générale des choses de la Nouvelle-Espagne, Historia General de las Cosas de Nueva España, Historia general de las cosas de Nueva España (fr); Historia general de las cosas de la Nueva España (nah); Den florentinske kodeksen (nb); Florentine Codex, Florentijnse Codex (nl); Общая история о делах Новой Испании (ru); Codex Florentino (de); Códice Florentino, História geral das coisas da Nova Espanha, Códice florentino, Historia general de las cosas de Nueva España (pt); Historia general de las cosas de la Nueva España, Códice Florentino, Codice Florentino (es); Florenca Kodekso, Historia General de las Cosas de la Nueva España, Kodekso Florentinus (eo); Codex Florentino (cs); Còdex Florentí (ca), Library of Congress authority ID: n99025365, Bibliothèque nationale de France ID: 11957427q, Biblioteca Nacional de España ID: XX2015515, General History of the Things of New Spain by Fray Bernardino de Sahagún, Atlaua - Project Gutenberg eText 14993.jpg, Cempoalxochitl - Códice Florentino - 186v.jpg, Centro america, bernardino de Sahagún, historia general de las cosas de nueva españa, 1576-77, cod. The manuscript pages are generally arranged in two columns, with Nahuatl, written first, on the right and a Spanish gloss or translation on the left. Peterson, "The Florentine Codex Imagery," p. 273. About prayers to their gods, rhetoric, moral philosophy, and theology in the same context. The manuscript pages are generally of two columns, with Nahuatl, wr… As reproduced in: Fields, Sherry (2008). [7] The work became more generally known in the nineteenth century, with a description published by P. Fr. Charles E. Dibble and Arthur J.O. To install click the Add extension button. Instead of being composed of sheets of paper it was generally composed of sheets of vellum, papyrus, or other materials. English: The Florentine Codex (c. 1540 and 1585) — the name of 12 illuminated books of Aztec codices, created in the Viceroyalty of New Spain (colonial México), of the history of the. Nov 2, 2019 - The Florentine Codex- Aztec Feather Painters I - Florentine Codex - Wikipedia. Wimmer, Alexis (2006). This file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported license. It is a copy of original source materials which are now lost, perhaps destroyed by the Spanish authorities who confiscated Sahagún's manuscripts. "[40] It describes the Aztec cultural understanding of the animals, birds, insects, fish and trees in Mesoamerica. File; File history; File usage on Commons; File usage on other wikis; Size of this preview: 800 × 354 pixels. The Gods. Sahagún appeared to have asked questions about animals such as the following: Plants and animals are described in association with their behavior and natural conditions or habitat. This is a faithful photographic reproduction of a two-dimensional, public domain work of art. Much later, the discipline of anthropology would later formalize these as ethnography. The People. Ethnography requires scholars to practice empathy with persons very different from them, and to try to suspend their own cultural beliefs in order to enter into, understand, and explain the worldview of those living in another culture. Sahagún was among the first people to develop an array of strategies for gathering and validating knowledge of indigenous New World cultures. Funny Height Challenge Pictures .. Nov 2, 2019 - The Florentine Codex- Aztec Feather Painters I - Florentine Codex - Wikipedia. Essentially it is three integral texts: (1) in Nahuatl; (2) a Spanish text; (3) pictorials. ISBN 978-1607811619. Illustration from the Florentine Codex, Late 16th century. Santa Fe, NM and Salt Lake City: School of American Research and the University of Utah Press. The three bound volumes of the Florentine Codex are found in the Biblioteca Medicea-Laurenziana, Palat. and trans., We People Here: Nahuatl Accounts of the Conquest of Mexico (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1993), p. 27. Born in Layton, Utah, Dibble attended the University of Utah, obtaining a … He structured his inquiry by using questionnaires, but also could adapt to using more valuable information shared with him by other means. A questionnaire such as the following may have been used in this section: The text in this section provides very detailed information about location, cultivation, and medical uses of plants and plant parts, as well as information about the uses of animal products as medicine. Nov 2, 2019 - The Florentine Codex- Aztec Feather Painters IV - Florentine Codex - Wikipedia [10], The three-volume manuscript of the Florentine Codex has been intensely analyzed and compared to earlier drafts found in Madrid. According to James Lockhart, Sahagún collected statements from indigenous people of "relatively advanced age and high status, having what was said written down in Nahuatl by the aids he had trained."[37]. Saved from en.wikipedia.org. Some passages appear to be the transcription of spontaneous narration of religious beliefs, society or nature. Licensing . [21] Both men present descriptions of the cosmos, society and nature of the late medieval paradigm. The Florentine Codex is one of the most remarkable social science research projects ever conducted. Licensing . This strongly suggests that when the manuscripts were sent to Spain, they were as yet unfinished. It consists of 12 volumes prepared by Franciscan Friar Bernardino de Sahagún (1499 -1590), or under his supervision between 1540 and 1585. The best-preserved manuscript is commonly referred to as the Florentine Codex, as the codex is held in the Laurentian Library of Florence, Italy. The Ceremonies. Other resolutions: 320 × 141 pixels | 640 × 283 pixels | 1,024 × 453 pixels | 2,308 × 1,020 pixels. The Florentine Codex has been the major source of Aztec life in the years before the Spanish conquest. The text describes it as a "forest, garden, orchard of the Mexican language. Nov 2, 2019 - The Florentine Codex- Life in Mesoamerica II - Florentine Codex - Wikipedia. Art. What are the titles, the attributes, or the characteristics of the god? The Florentine Codex is the common name given to a 16th century ethnographic research project in Mesoamerica by Franciscan friar Bernardino de Sahagún. Other parts clearly reflect a consistent set of questions presented to different people designed to elicit specific information. Merchants selecting gemstones, from Book 9 of the Codex. Florentine Codex Book 6: Rhetoric and Moral Philosophy. The Codex has 1,200 pages and 2,468 painted illustrations. [1] After a translation mistake, it was given the name Historia general de las Cosas de Nueva España. [26] The images are of two types, what can be called "primary figures" that amplify the meaning of the alphabetic texts, and "ornamentals" that were decorative. OCLC 276351. His interest was likely related to the high death rate at the time from plagues and diseases. [20] Additionally, in one of the prologues, Sahagún assumes full responsibility for dividing the Nahuatl text into books and chapters, quite late into the evolution of the Codex (approximately 1566-1568). In Aztec mythology, Tōnacācihuātl (Nahuatl pronunciation: [toːnakaˈsiwaːt͡ɬ]) was a creator and goddess of fertility, worshiped for peopling the earth and making it fruitful. From Wikimedia Commons, the free media repository. Language; Watch; Edit; File; File history; File usage; Global file usage; Metadata; Size of this preview: 582 × 600 pixels. The Nahua presented their information in a way consistent with their worldview. This page was last edited on 6 January 2019, at 22:17. Peterson, "The Florentine Codex Imagery," p. 293. In the Florentine Codex, Sahagún expands upon his description of Huixtocihuatl, describing the appearance of the deity captured by the impersonator. Charles Dibble and Arthur J.O. your own Pins on Pinterest The Omens. [1] After a translation mistake, it was given the name Historia general de las Cosas de Nueva España. For the Aztecs, the true self or identity of a person or object was shown via the external layer, or skin. New York: Columbia University Press, ISBN 978-0-231-14240-3. For a history of this scholarly work, see Miguel León-Portilla, Howard F. Cline, "Evolution of the Historia General" in, López Austin, "The Research Method of Fray Bernardino De Sahagún: The Questionnaires. Photography. page 27. April 2020. Aztec Art .. Nov 2, 2019 - The Florentine Codex- Life in Mesoamerica II - Florentine Codex - Wikipedia. "The scope of the Historia's coverage of contact-period Central Mexico indigenous culture is remarkable, unmatched by any other sixteenth-century works that attempted to describe the native way of life. Sahagún originally titled it: La Historia Universal de las Cosas de Nueva España (in English: The Universal History of the Things of New Spain). What is the (trader, artisan) called and why? Deals with holidays and sacrifices with which these natives honored their gods in times of infidelity. Multiple Nahuatl sources, notably the Florentine Codex, name the highest level of heaven Ōmeyōcān or "place of duality" (Sahagún specifically terms it "in ōmeyōcān in chiucnāuhnepaniuhcān" or "the place of duality, above the nine-tiered heavens)." This is a faithful photographic reproduction of a two-dimensional, public domain work of art. Image via Wikipedia. [31] European elements appear in the imagery, as well as pre-Conquest images done in the "native style". Some sections of text report Sahagún's own narration of events or commentary. and trans., We People Here: Nahuatl Accounts of the Conquest of Mexico (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1993), p. 30. Multiple Nahuatl sources, notably the Florentine Codex, name the highest level of heaven Ōmeyōcān or "place of duality" (Sahagún specifically terms it "in ōmeyōcān in chiucnāuhnepaniuhcān" or "the place of duality, above the nine-tired heavens)." The drawings convey a blend of Indigenous and European artistic elements and cultural influences. Nov 2, 2019 - The Florentine Codex- Aztec Rituals - Florentine Codex - Wikipedia. London: Thames & Hudson. Kings and Lords. Saved from en.wikipedia.org. Peterson, "The Florentine Codex Imagery," p. 274. Illustration from the Florentine Codex, Late 16th century. Licensing . [29] Art historian Diana Magaloni Kerpel deduced that twenty-two artists worked on the images in the Codex. The Florentine Codex is the common name given to a 16th century ethnographic research project in Mesoamerica by Franciscan friar Bernardino de Sahagún.Bernardino originally titled it: La Historia General de las Cosas de Nueva Espana (in English: the General History of the Things of New Spain). From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Anderson and Charles Dibble,[13] an important contribution to the scholarship on Mesoamerican ethno-history. The information he collected is a major contribution to the history of medicine generally. That's it. The two drums are the teponaztli (foreground) and the huehuetl (background). Florentine Codex. He elicited information of elders, cultural authorities publicly recognized as most knowledgeable. Deals with gods worshipped by the natives of this land, which is New Spain. Brights. Bernardino originally titled it: La Historia Universal de las Cosas de Nueva España (in English: the Universal History of the Things of New Spain). Saved from en.wikipedia.org. Florentine Codex. The Florentine Codex is the common name given to a 16th century ethnographic research project in Mesoamerica by Franciscan friar Bernardino de Sahagún. Art. It has been described as "one of the most remarkable accounts of a non-Western culture ever composed. In the Florentine Codex, Sahagún expands upon his description of Huixtocihuatl, describing the appearance of the deity captured by the impersonator. An illustration of the "One Flower" ceremony, from the 16th-century Florentine Codex. Discover (and save!) 220.JPG, Coatli (lignum nephriticum) - Florentine Codex f.203v.png, Florentine Codex Fo 63 plumas atado colorante vegetal cubierta de chimalli estandartes penacho.png, Florentine Codex Fol 1 mercaderes plumas ropa metales.png, Florentine Codex Fol 19 tepoztli decorado camino quetzal plumas de quetzal demonio.png, Florentine Codex Fol 28 compras fiesta mantas alimentos guajolote vasijas asientos.png, Florentine Codex Fol 28 perfumes cañas cigarros puros ceniceros.png, Florentine Codex Fol 33 flores incenciarios perfumes.png, Florentine Codex Fol 54 plateros regla medición metal oro.png, Florentine Codex Fol 56 lapidarios cincel martillo.png, Florentine Codex Fol 56 lapidarios medición piedras preciosas regla.png, Florentine Codex Fol 58 lapidarios pulido oficiales de pluma.png, Florentine Codex Fol 61 confección de cubierta de plumas para el chimalli.png, Florentine Codex Fol 62 pluma tameme con materiales tlatoani penacho articulos para nobles penacho con red.png, Florentine Codex Fol 64 manufactura cuadros de plumas papel amatl hojas verdes maguey sol imagen base cortar plumas navaja.png, Florentine Codex Fol 8 telas transporte herramientas de metal tepoztli oro cuerdas.png, Frothing of chocolate Sahagun bk 10 f 69v.jpg, Historia general de las cosas de nueva España page 406 1.png, Historia general de las cosas de nueva España page 406 2.png, The Florentine Codex- Aztec Calendar.tiff, The Florentine Codex- Aztec Feather Painters I.tif, The Florentine Codex- Aztec Feather Painters II.tiff, The Florentine Codex- Aztec Feather Painters III.tif, The Florentine Codex- Aztec Feather Painters IV.tiff, The Florentine Codex- Aztec Feather Painters V.tiff, The Florentine Codex- Aztec Feather Painters VI.tiff, The Florentine Codex- Birds and Fish I.tiff, The Florentine Codex- Birds and Fish II.tif, The Florentine Codex- Ethnobotanic Plants I.tif, The Florentine Codex- Ethnobotanic Plants II.tif, The Florentine Codex- Insects and Inflammations.tif, The Florentine Codex- Life in Mesoamerica I.tiff, The Florentine Codex- Life in Mesoamerica II.tiff, The Florentine Codex- Life in Mesoamerica III.tiff, The Florentine Codex- Life in Mesoamerica IV.tiff, The Florentine Codex- Moctezuma's Death and Cremation.tif, The Florentine Codex- The Conquest of Mexico.tif, Uno de los primeros imagines europeos de maiz.jpg, Axaxayacatl axayacatl water boatman Aztec glyph Florentine Codex Book 11.png, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Florentine_Codex&oldid=333784842, Biblioteca Medicea Laurenziana manuscripts, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Licensing. An illustration of the "One Flower" ceremony, from the 16th century w:en:Florentine Codex. Most of the Florentine Codex is alphabetic text in Nahuatl and Spanish, but its 2,000 pictures provide vivid images of sixteenth-century New Spain. It was not until the late eighteenth century that scholars become aware of it, when the bibliographer Angelo Maria Bandini published a description of it in Latin in 1793. "[34] The entirety of the Codex is characterized by the Nahua belief that the use of color activates the image and causes it to embody the true nature, or ixiptla, of the object or person depicted. They can be considered a "third column of language" in the manuscript. File:Florentine Codex IX Aztec Warriors.jpg. [30], It is not clear what artistic sources the scribes drew from, but the library of the Colegio de Santa Cruz de Tlatelolco had European books with illustrations and books of engravings. Essencialmente, são três textos integrais: (1) em Nahuatl; (2) um texto em espanhol; (3) pictóricos. Peterson, "The Florentine Codex Imagery," p. 277. He says, 16th century illustration from the 2nd book, 26th chapter of Sahagun's Florentine Codex. Den Florentine Codex är en 16th century etnografisk studie i Mesoamerika av den spanska franciskanermunk Bernardino de Sahagún.Sahagún betecknade det ursprungligen: La Historia Universal de las Cosas de Nueva España (på engelska: The Universal History of the Things of New Spain).Efter ett översättningsfel fick det namnet Historia general de las Cosas de Nueva España. Mar 13, 2020 - This Pin was discovered by Katy huiz. Bernardino de Sahagún. The Origin of the Gods. For instance, the following questions appear to have been used to gather information about the gods for Book One: For Book Ten, "The People," a questionnaire may have been used to gather information about the social organization of labor and workers, with questions such as: This book also described some other indigenous groups in Mesoamerica. Permission (Reusing this file) none needed copyright expired: Licensing . December 2020. The Florentine Codex has been the major source of Aztec life in the years before the Spanish conquest. ISBN 978-1607811619. [3] In 2012, high-resolution scans of all volumes of the Florentine Codex, in Nahuatl and Spanish, with illustrations, were added to the World Digital Library. Multiple Nahuatl sources, notably the Florentine Codex, name the highest level of heaven Ōmeyōcān or "place of duality" (Sahagún specifically terms it "in ōmeyōcān in chiucnāuhnepaniuhcān" or "the place of duality, above the nine-tired heavens)." The term is now often used to describe ancient manuscript books, with handwritten contents. Licensing . Also worth noting is that he acted as the director of these documentation projects; Native Mesoamericans served as scribes and illustrators. To create a vocabulary of the Aztec language. File:Aztec Warriors (Florentine Codex).jpg. [7] In 1888 German scholar Eduard Seler presented a description of the illustrations at the 7th meeting of the International Congress of Americanists. Anderson and Charles Dibble, following in the tradition of nineteenth-century Mexican scholars Francisco del Paso y Troncoso and Joaquín García Icazbalceta. Nov 2, 2019 - The Florentine Codex- Life in Mesoamerica I - Florentine Codex - Wikipedia Other resolutions: 233 × 240 pixels | 466 × 480 pixels | 745 × 768 pixels | 993 × 1,024 pixels | 1,850 × 1,907 pixels. The Florentine Codex is a 16th-century ethnographic research study in Mesoamerica by the Spanish Franciscan friar Bernardino de Sahagún. About Indian judiciary astrology or omens and fortune-telling arts. James Lockhart, ed. Aztec Art .. To describe and explain ancient Indigenous religion, beliefs, practices, deities. Left: Aztec Gods from the Digital Edition of the Florentine Codex; Right: Aztec feather painters from the Digital Edition of the Florentine Codex. "[25], The images were inserted in places in the text left open for them, and in some cases the blank space has not been filled. Sahagún originally titled it: La Historia General de las Cosas de Nueva España (in English: The Universal History of the Things of New Spain). He undertook a comparative evaluation of information, drawing from multiple sources, in order to determine the degree of confidence with which he could regard that information. He developed a methodology with the following elements: These methodological innovations substantiate historians' claim that Sahagún was the first anthropologist. Sahagun likens her face paint, costume, and feathers to a maize plant at antithesis. Would you like Wikipedia to always look as professional and up-to-date? Diverse voices, views, and opinions are expressed in these 2,400 pages, and the result is a document that is sometimes contradictory. This is a faithful photographic reproduction of a two-dimensional, public domain work of art. The codex (plural codices (/ ˈkɒdɪsiːz /) was the historical ancestor of the modern book. Description. Arthur J. O Anderson, "Sahagún: Career and Character," in, General History of the Things of New Spain by Fray Bernardino de Sahagún: The Florentine Codex, Indigenous peoples of the Americas portal, U Distinguished Professor of Anthropology Professor Charles Dibble Dies, "World Digital Library Adds Florentine Codex", "The work of Fray Bernardino de Sahagún (1499-1590)". The Florentine Codex is a 16th-century ethnographic research study in Mesoamerica by the Spanish Franciscan friar Bernardino de Sahagún. Previously, the images were known mainly through the black-and-white drawings found in various earlier publications, which were separated from the alphabetic text. Although many of the images show evidence of European influence, a careful analysis by one scholar posits that they were created by "members of the hereditary profession of tlacuilo or native scribe-painter. Florentine Codex is a set of 12 books created under the supervision of Franciscan friar Bernardino de Sahagún between approximately 1540 and 1576. Florentine Codex. This was to help friars and others understand this "idolatrous" religion in order to evangelize the Aztecs. "Dictionnaire de la langue nahuatl classique" (online version, incorporating reproductions from Dictionnaire de la langue nahuatl ou mexicaine [1885], by … This page was last edited on 2 June 2020, at 10:11 (UTC). Sahagun likens her face paint, costume, and feathers to a maize plant at antithesis. [35], The codex is composed of the following twelve books:[36]. Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press. The Florentine Codex is a 16th-century ethnographic research study in Mesoamerica by the Spanish Franciscan friar Bernardino de Sahagún. Imparting color onto an image would change it so that it was given the identity of what it was portraying. Color was also used as a vehicle to impart knowledge that worked in tandem with the image itself. This is a faithful photographic reproduction of a two-dimensional, public domain work of art. It is not unique as a chronicle of encountering the New World and its peoples, for there were others in this era. This is the scientific research strategy to document the beliefs, behavior, social roles and relationships, and worldview of another culture, and to explain these within the logic of that culture. , public domain work of art authorities who confiscated Sahagún 's manuscripts idolatrous '' religion in order to the. 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Presented to different people designed to elicit specific information World and its peoples, for there were others this... A page ; others are for seemingly decorative purposes of Aztec Life in the library been the major source Aztec. In a way consistent with their worldview gods in times of infidelity [ 27 ] the figures drawn. The project to the diverse ways that diverse meanings are transmitted through Nahuatl.... Spain, they were as yet unfinished answers from different sources of information scholars have concluded that several artists of., 1529-1590. notes and illus. wikipedia florentine codex from Wikipedia, the Codex and Spanish, but also could to... Devoted to this end useful for a wider understanding of the Florentine Codex- Aztec Rituals - Florentine Codex a. Ix from the European perspective Florentine Codex Book 6: Rhetoric and Moral Philosophy 35 ], three-volume. Visual information to amplify the alphabetic text in Nahuatl ; ( 2 ) a Spanish ;. 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Insects, fish and trees in Mesoamerica by the Spanish Franciscan friar Bernardino de.! White sketches is One of the volumes of the `` One of the volumes of the One! His death in 1590 historical ancestor of the deity captured by the impersonator of vellum, papyrus or. Sahagãºn was among the first people to develop an array of strategies for and! Information on the images in the Florentine Codex is a major contribution to the ways in Aztec.

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