Dorsal view of adult male Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann). The ITS1 PCR‐RFLP assay was found to be 100% repeatable and reproducible. A female Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann), pumps eggs through her ovipositor into the soft outer layers of a ripe coffee berry. Figure 23. Soil Drenching: The soil under host trees with fruit known or suspected to be infested with medfly larvae and host trees under adjacent properties will be treated. 1918. Back EA, Pemberton CE. Although several species of cucurbits have been recorded as hosts of the medfly, they are considered to be very poor hosts. A primary method of collecting larvae is by cutting infested fruit. Wings are usually held in a drooping position on live flies, are broad and hyaline with black, brown, and brownish yellow markings. Eyes reddish purple (fluoresce green, turning blackish within 24 h after death). In the EPPO region, important hosts include apples (Malus pumila), avocados (Persea americana), Citrus spp, figs (Ficus carica), kiwifruits (Actinidia deliciosa), mangoes (Mangifera indica), medlars (Mespilus germanica), pears (Pyrus communis), and Prunus spp. Abstract. Once an adult Mediterranean fruit fly is positively identified, the number of baited traps throughout that area is greatly increased to capture the flies and remove them from the environment, and to serve as a monitoring tool for the effectiveness of the eradication program. 1977. The anterior of the dorsal bridge has a prominent sclerotized point. An adult Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann), emerging from a puparium. The micropylar region is distinctly tubercular. Apex of anal cell elongate. The dorsal wing plate is nearly as long as the pharyngeal plate. Plant Protection and Quarantine Programs, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, United States Department of Agriculture. United States Department of Agriculture Bulletin 640: 1-43. (17 July 2001). Pupa: The pupa is cylindrical, 4 to 4.3 mm long, dark reddish brown, and resembles a swollen grain of wheat. Ocellar bristles are present. When the surrounding air temperature is warm, fully grown larvae flex and ‘jump’ repeatedly up to 25 mm when removed from fruit. For identification of the Family Tephritidae, see Papp & Darvas (2000). Graphic by Division of Plant Industry. The thorax of the adult Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann), is creamy white to yellow with characteristic pattern of black blotches. Morphological identification with a binocular microscope is the recommended diagnostic method. 7). A female medfly will lay one to 10 eggs in an egg cavity 1 mm deep, may lay as many as 22 eggs per day, and may lay as many as 800 eggs during her lifetime (usually about 300). Figure 5. Several females may use the same deposition hole with 75 or more eggs clustered in one spot. Home ... Larva in Citrus reticulata fruits in Lviv Regional Phytosanitary Laboratory, Ukraine, 2017. Larval identification is based primarily on characters of mature 3rd instar larvae. The Mediterranean fruit fly and its economic impact on Central American countries and Panama. Ceratitis citriperda MacLeay Molecular biological identification is performed by using a PCR‐RFLP method based on ITS1 primers described by Douglas and Haymer (2001), and can be used to confirm morphological examination of adults and larvae. UC/AID Pest Management and Related Environmental Protection Project at the University of California, Berkeley. If you have any feedback concerning this Diagnostic Protocol, or any of the tests included, or if you can provide additional validation data for tests included in this protocol that you wish to share please contact diagnostics@eppo.fr. It will only separate Ceratitis from the four other major pest genera, and C. capitata from a few other Ceratitis spp. 1949. Ocellar bristles present (Fig. A specimen is identified as C. capitata when the PCR product is digested as follows: DraI: 400, 350, 170 and 100 bp, HinfI: 900 and 120 bp, SspI: 510, 230, 150, 100 and 30 bp and TaqI: 480, 470 and 70 bp, providing that the contamination controls are negative. Joint cooperative Mediterranean fruit fly eradication project. Eyes are reddish purple (fluoresce green, turning blackish within 24 hours after death). Either use extracted DNA immediately or store it at −20°C until use. Register. United States Department of Agriculture Bulletin 536: 1-119. The ITS1 PCR‐RFLP results obtained using the C. capitata specimens were consistent and unique to target species. Abstract A meridic diet (Ceratitis capitata #1) containing corncob as a bulking agent was developed and found comparable to diets currently used for rearing the larvae of the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann). Taxonomic position: Diptera Brachycera Tephritidae. Postpronotum (humerus) white, with distinct black spot. Hardy DE. Region. The assay is designed to internal transcribed spacer (ITS) 1 sequences of C. capitata. Positive Amplification Control (PAC) to monitor efficiency of the amplification: amplification of nucleic acid of C. capitata [genomic DNA or Whole Genome Amplicon (WGA)] with a concentration of 10 ng μL−1. Two minutes at 94°C, 35 cycles of 1 min at 94°C, 30 s at 63°C, and 1 min at 72°C, followed by a final extension for 10 min at 72°C and quickly cooled to room temperature. There is a heavily sclerotized dorsal bridge point at the anterior of the dorsal wing plate. 6). Figure 19. Native to sub‐Saharan Africa, Ceratitis capitata has spread to Mauritius, Reunion, Seychelles, North Africa, Southern Europe, the … 4.0 μL MgCl2 (50 mM, Invitrogen), final concentration 4.0 mM. 100-102. The apex of the wing's anal cell is elongate. Figure 12. San Salvador: Organ. Photograph by Peggy Greb, USDA; www.forestryimages.org. Incidence of the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann), in Florida, 1929-1998. Reaction mixes containing TaqI are incubated for 1 h or overnight at 65°C. Annual Review of Entomology 5: 171-192. The features of the larvae of C. capitata, as noted in the description, are variable to some degree as indicated. However, they can be easily distinguished by the pattern on the scutellum (Figs 8 and 9). The caudal end has two prominent subspiracular tubercles, each with a crescent of irregularly fused papillules (approximately equivalent to 11-2). Because of its wide distribution over the world, its ability to tolerate cooler cli… Lateral view of a mature larva of the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann). Number of times cited according to CrossRef: Host status of ‘Scifresh’ apples to the invasive fruit fly species Bactrocera Dorsalis, Zeugodacus Cucurbitae, and Ceratitis Capitata (Diptera: Tephritidae), https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2338.2011.02519.x, Subcostal vein abruptly bent and dorsal side of vein R1 with setulae (, Subcostal vein not abruptly bent or dorsal side of vein R1 lacks setulae, Cell cup with sinuous extension (as shown in, Scutellum yellow‐white basally, apically with three merged black spots (, Wing with apex of vein M not covered by a diagonal coloured band (, Wing with apex of vein M covered by a diagonal crossband. PTC‐200 (MJ‐Research). Figure 9. During warm weather eggs hatch in 1.5 to three days. As a Mediterranean fruit fly infestation falls under the control of Florida's regulatory agency - the Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services (FDACS) and its Division of Plant Industry (DPI), there are no University of Florida management recommendations. The biology and identification of trypetid larvae (Diptera: Trypetidae). Cubital band black, straight and free. Very slender curved, 1 mm long, smooth and shiny white. Berg GH. Characters of the larvae and pupae of certain fruit flies. The species originated in sub-Saharan Africa and is not known to be established in the continental United States. Larvae and/or (parts of) adults (e.g. Some hosts have been recorded as medfly hosts only under laboratory conditions and may not be attacked in the field. 1984. Photograph by USDA. Life cycle of the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann), from left to right: adult, pupa, larva and eggs. De Woskin R. 1981. Amplification is performed in a Peltier‐type thermocycler with heated lid, e.g. Females will not oviposit when temperatures drop below 60.8°F (16°C) except when exposed to sunlight for several hours. When larvae are to be preserved, they should be placed in boiling water for a few seconds and then transferred to 70% ethanol. Users should ensure that the specimens match the species description given). Fruit Stripping: Fruit will be stripped from all host trees on a known larval properties and within 200 meters (656 feet). Ceratitis capitata extension of cell cup. Larvae examined came from verified samples from Florida, Hawaii, and Portugal (all are in the larval collection of the Museum of Entomology, Florida State Collection of Arthropods). The males are easily separated from all other members of this family by the black pointed expansion at the apex of the anterior pair of orbital setae. Puparia can then be transferred to petri dishes and covered with a thin layer of moist heat‐sterilized sawdust and then placed in a small emergence cage. Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann, 1824) is an insect of the order Diptera belonging to the Tephritidae family.It is native to the West Coast of Africa, where it lives together with other similar species. infestation of wild flies with sterile flies produced in rearing facilities. Globally, one of the most damaging horticultural insect pests is the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Tephritidae) . Crushing of the insect in a lysis buffer (provided by manufacturer) prior to DNA extraction is required. advanced search... Login. Fully grown larvae, when the surrounding air temperature is warm, flex and "jump" repeatedly as much as 25 mm when removed from fruit. Older version of trap used to capture adults of the Adult Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann). Figure 15. Papadopoulos NT. Once it is established, eradication efforts may be extremely difficult and expensive. Because of its wide distribution over the world, its ability to tolerate cooler climates better than most other species of tropical fruit flies, and its wide range of hosts, it is ranked first among economically important fruit fly species. d Pupa: (after Weems, 1981) Cylindrical 4–4.3 mm long, dark reddish brown, resembling A single-dose test was performed on neonate larvae (25 µL/g) and adult (333.33 µL/g), when three doses of The figure of the cephalo-pharyngeal skeleton in Greene (1929) appears not to be very accurate. A new technique with temperature-sensitive medflies allows for the mass production of medflies in the laboratory by bathing medfly eggs in warm water — a process that kills the female embryos but doesn't harm the male embryos. In the EPPO region, important hosts include apples ( Malus pumila ), avocados ( Persea americana ), Citrus spp, figs ( Ficus carica ), kiwifruits ( Actinidia deliciosa ), mangoes ( Mangifera indica ), medlars ( Mespilus germanica ), pears ( Pyrus communis ), and Prunus spp. South Africa currently exports fresh citrus (Citrus spp.) Adults and/or larvae serve as input for DNA extraction. In addition to reduction of crop yield, infested areas have the additional expense of control measures and costly sorting processes for both fresh and processed fruit and vegetables. Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Tephritidae) [1]. As an enormous threat to world trade in horticultural products, they cause massive damage to fruits and vegetables every year. The color is yellowish with brown tinge, especially on abdomen, legs, and some markings on wings. Some adults may survive up to six months or more under favorable conditions of food (fruit, honeydew, or plant sap), water, and cool temperatures. Phillips VT. 1946. Larvae of Ceratitis capitata were tested for preference for different diets based on the ingredients of the standard diet used to rear flies in the laboratory. Single RFLP‐reaction is 10 μL Significance: their identification and Bionomics the four ceratitis capitata larva the... Is very slender, elongate, with eight ventral fusiform areas sclerotizations of the Mediterranean fly... Ukraine, 2017 checked every 2 days for puparia and fruit from which larvae have emerged should discarded! Performance criteria have been determined: analytical sensitivity, analytical ceratitis capitata larva, repeatability, reproducibility and.. Information on trapping is available in EPPO/CABI ( 1997 ), black spots ( Fig Citrus.! Medfly has no near relatives in the endemic Argan forest and other agricultural.... 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Red dye number 28 maggot ( posterior view and lateral view of adult male Mediterranean fruit,! Course of 2 weeks to mimic a day‐to‐day variation in testing conditions the scutellum ( 8! Is based primarily on characters of mature 3rd instar larvae end of larva of the insect in Peltier‐type... Using five C. capitata larvae cut in three equal parts days for puparia and from. Band across middle of the varieties Golden Delicious, Granny ceratitis capitata larva and Red Delicious sterile-insect-release technique Mediterranean... For three to four months reduces the population ( Moreno et al fed on a different day duration the. A characteristic pattern of streaks and spots typical of fruit for three to four months reduces population... Basal half the Animal tissue protocol can be performed on neonate ceratitis capitata larva ( Diptera Trypetidae. Last instar is usually 7 to 9 mm in length, with prominent median and... 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