Amerindian people or predominantly Amerindian people account for 21 percent, while 10 percent of the population is white. It has a dynamic industrial base, vast mineral resources, a wide-ranging service sector, and the world’s largest population of Spanish speakers—about two and a half times that of Spain or Colombia. Mexico's 1910 elections was a sham designed to keep long-term dictator Porfirio Diaz in power. Often considered an extension of the Rocky Mountains (which are cut by the Rio Grande but continue in New Mexico and western Texas), it runs roughly 700 miles (1,100 km) from north to south before merging with the Cordillera Neo-Volcánica. Citlaltépetl (Orizaba Peak), the highest point in Mexico, located in western Veracruz state. Mexico is the 14th largest country area wise. Learn more about the Old Line State, including surprising history, famous residents, and fascinating cultural trivia with our magnificent Maryland facts. Accessed: July 7, 2016. New York, NY: PowerPlus Books. Images at War: Mexico from Columbus to Blade Runner (1492-2019). Sharing a common border throughout its northern extent with the United States, Mexico is bounded to the west and south by the Pacific Ocean, to the east by the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean Sea, and to the southeast by Guatemala and Belize. Spain ruled Mexico as part of the viceroyalty of New Spain for the next 300 years until Sept. 16, 1810, when the Mexicans first revolted. Mexico’s flag is made up three vertical stripes. What country has the largest Muslim population? The national symbol of Mexico is the Golden Eagle. Its official currency is Peso (MXN). The plateau consists of the vast Mesa del Norte (Northern Plateau) and the smaller but heavily populated Mesa Central (Mesa de Anáhuac). Guadalupe is also considered to be the link that unites Mexicans together, religiously and ethnically. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. 7Merrell, Floyd. The first great civilization in Mexico were the Olmecs (1400-300 B.C.) The Pacific Coastal Lowlands begin near Mexicali and the Colorado River delta in the north and terminate near Tepic, some 900 miles (1,450 km) to the south. The Yucatán Peninsula lies to the northeast of the Tabasco Plain and extends northward, forming a divider between the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean Sea. Mexico has a long and illustrious history. The date of their arrival in central Mexico remains speculative. Mexico is the 14th largest country in the world by total area. It is in this dynamic and often unstable physical environment that the Mexican people have built their country. Among the generally fertile basins is the Bajío (El Bajío, or the Basin of Guanajuato), the traditional breadbasket of the country, which is located in the northern part of the Mesa Central. Many of the basins were once sites of major lakes that were drained to facilitate European and mestizo settlement. Valuing Cinco de Mayo In Margaritas, Avocados And Cerveza (Infographics). New York, NY: DK Publishing. Our Lady of Guadalupe is the patron saint of Mexico. Mexico can be divided into nine major physiographic regions: Baja California, the Pacific Coastal Lowlands, the Mexican Plateau, the Sierra Madre Oriental, the Sierra Madre Occidental, the Cordillera Neo-Volcánica, the Gulf Coastal Plain, the Southern Highlands, and the Yucatán Peninsula. The country remains economically fragile despite the forging of stronger ties with the United States and Canada through the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). Bisecting the Southern Highlands is the Isthmus of Tehuantepec, a low-lying, narrow constriction of land that reaches an elevation of less than 900 feet (275 metres). Ancient cultures and civilizations, colonial times and modern events have contributed to make Mexico the country it is today. Interesting Mexico Facts List: Mexico’s official name is Estados Unidos Mexicanos (United Mexican States). Awaken your inner explorer with these interesting Canada facts. The oldest stone tools found in Mexico have been dated to over 23,000 years ago. The largest valleys rarely exceed 100 square miles (260 square km) in area, and many others are quite small. The city's history is surely complex, and despite the country's issues, its capital is a beautiful place with many things to offer. Corrections? Its average elevations are similar to those of the Sierra Madre Occidental, but some peaks rise above 12,000 feet (3,650 metres). Which country claims "Waltzing Matilda" as their unofficial anthem? Throughout the region, relatively flat intermontane basins and bolsones (ephemeral interior drainage basins) are interrupted by mountainous outcrops. Mexico is the 11th most populous country in the world with a population of 121 million. Mexico is located in one of the Earth’s most dynamic tectonic areas. The Zapotec civilization (600 B.C.-A.D. 800) established great cities along southern Mexico and developed the first writing system in the Americas. 8Sola, Katie. The Sierra Madre Oriental, a range of folded mountains formed of shales and limestones, is situated on the eastern side of the Mexican Plateau. The Chichen Itza Pyramid in Mexico was named one of the new Seven Wonders of the World. Indulge in this list of tantalizing chocolate facts to learn about fascinating chocolate history, delicious statistics, health effects, and yummy trivia. The Olmec civilization lasted from 1400 to 400 BC followed by the rise of the Maya culture. Photo: Kamira / Shutterstock.com Metropolitan Cathedral, Mexico City, Mexico. Interesting Mexican Culture Facts: The name 'Mexico' is derived from the Aztec word 'Mexica'. The Aztecs sacrificed people to various gods. Mexico has experienced a series of economic booms leading to periods of impressive social gains, followed by busts, with significant declines in living standards for the middle and lower classes. 2014 August - Mexico's Congress approves sweeping reforms to the country's energy sector … The Aztecs adopted human sacrifice from earlier cultures (such as the Olmecs) because they believed the universe would come to an end and the, In the fourteenth century, a group of Chichmecas (warrior nomads) called the Aztecs (or Mexicas) settled in Mexico when they saw an eagle (representing the, Mexico is located in the “Ring of Fire,” one of the. The largest pyramid in the world is the Great Pyramid of Cholula in Mexico. The Southern Highlands are a series of highly dissected mountain ranges and plateaus, including the Sierra Madre del Sur, Mesa del Sur, and the Chiapas Highlands, also called the Sierra Madre de Chiapas. At least three great civilizations—the Mayas, the Olmecs, and the Toltecs—preceded the wealthy Aztec empire, conquered in 1519–1521 by the Spanish under Hernando Cortés. For over 3000 years before the Europeans arrived these civilizations flourished. The oldest university in North America, the National University of Mexico, was established in 1551. 6Kalman, Bobbie. History of Mexico's Ancient Civilizations The earliest inhabitants of Mexico were Stone Age hunter-gatherers who settled into the … France temporarily invaded Veracruz in 1838 and in 1861 Napoleon III took Mexico City where he installed a Hapsburg archduke, Maximilian, as 'emperor' for a brief period. Mexico is secular state, which means that the state is neutral in matters of religion. The heart, referred to as “precious eagle cactus fruit,” was cut from the live victim and burned on a fire in the temple. Unevenly divided between the states of Baja California and Baja California Sur, the peninsula is nearly 800 miles (1,300 km) long but seldom more than 100 miles (160 km) wide. Updates? Metropolitan Cathedral at night in Mexico City. When Spanish Conquistador Hernan Cortés arrived in 1519, the Aztecs believed he was their returning, Spanish conquerors brought bullfighting to Mexico, and, second to, While the charreada (a competitive sport similar to a rodeo) is Mexico's national sport, fútbol (. Mexico, country of southern North America and the third largest country in Latin America, after Brazil and Argentina. 3000 Years of Art and Life in Mexico. The Mesa del Norte begins near the U.S. border; covers great stretches of the states of Chihuahua, Coahuila, Durango, Zacatecas, Jalisco, and Aguascalientes; and ends near San Luis Potosí city. The depression is formed of small, irregular basins interrupted by hilly outcrops, which give the area a distinctive physical landscape. Heather MacLean. The history of Mexico City is a fascinating one, and it sheds light on the heritage that can still be glimpsed in the archaeological ruins in the Historic Center of the city, as well as the neighboring ancient town of Teotihuacan (pictured), an hour's drive outside the city. The peninsula’s limestone (karst) terrain is generally pockmarked and uneven but seldom exceeds 500 feet (150 metres) in elevation. The Olmec were the first, followed by the Maya, Toltec, Zapotec, Mixtec, and the Maya again. Mexico also administers such islands and archipelagoes as the Tres Marías in the Pacific and Cozumel and Mujeres off the coast of the Yucatán Peninsula. Discover Mexico’s history, from pre-hispanic times, through the movement to independence, the revolution, and modern-times. Mexico is the 11th most populated country in the world. As its official name suggests, the Estados Unidos Mexicanos (United Mexican States) incorporates 31 socially and physically diverse states and the Federal District. Modern Mexicans are a unique blend of many ancient civilizations, including the Olmec, Zapotec, Toltec, Maya, Aztec, Inca, African, French, and Spanish. There are more than 100.000 taxis in Mexico City As one of the largest cities in the world, this might come as a huge surprise, but it’s nevertheless a huge number of taxis! Copper Canyon (Barranca del Cobre) in the Sierra Madre Occidental, in Chihuahua state, Mexico. Under the rule of Montezuma II, 12,000 victims were sacrificed in one day. She gave birth to his first son, who is considered the first. One of the many interesting facts about Mexico and the Aztec history! Mexico is home to over 30 UNESCO World Heritage Sites and is a popular tourist destination. In 1845 the US annexed Texas and in 1848 invaded Mexico City; it paid $15 million for most of Texas, New Mexico, Arizona and California. However, the less-hospitable inland basins provide a difficult environment for traditional peasant farmers. The border between Mexico and the United States is the second largest border in the world (only the U.S.-Canadian border is longer). Mexico. Mexico: A Primary Source Cultural Guide. By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. Mexico City is built over the ruins of a great Aztec city, Tenochtitlán. The left green stripe stands for hope, the middle white stripe represents purity, and the right red stripe represents the blood of those who died fighting for Mexico's independence. Chocolate, chilies, and corn are introduced to the world by Mexico. The National University of Mexico was founded in 1551 by Charles V of Spain and is the oldest university in North America. From there the Mesa Central stretches to a point just south of Mexico City. The National University of Mexico was founded in 1551 by Charles V of. The history of Mexico is full of characters, from the legendarily inept politician Antonio López de Santa Anna to the tremendously talented yet tragic artist Frida Kahlo. All rights reserved. The culture in Mexico is generally divided by geographical region, which identifies northern, southern, and central Mexico. Cities of Blood: Voyages Through Time. In states such as Oaxaca or Chiapas, small communal villages remain where indigenous peasants live much as their ancestors did. Read the facts: There are three different colors of corn tortilla: Yellow, red and blue. Visiting the Templo Mayor, the remains of an ancient temple, can give visitors a mesmerizing glimpse of Aztec history. Hidalgo is widely considered the father of modern Mexico, and Mexican Independence is celebrated on September 15-16. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. Because it is built on a lake, Mexico is sinking at a rate of 6 to 8 inches a year as pumps draw water out for the city’s growing population. The first major civilization of Mesoamerica, the Olmecs, populated southern Veracruz state and parts of Tabasco on Mexico's Gulf coast. Carolyn B. Czitrom. The largely volcanic Sierra Madre Occidental, which forms the western border of the Mexican Plateau, has an average elevation of 8,000–9,000 feet (2,400–2,700 metres) and extends roughly 700 miles (1,100 km) from north to south. As early as 300 B.C., indigenous people inhabited the area now known as Mexico. After nearly 700 years of history, Mexico City is one of the largest and most important human metropolises on the planet. Mexico is situated on the western, or leading, edge of the huge North American Plate, whose interaction with the Pacific, Cocos, and Caribbean plates has given rise to numerous and severe earthquakes as well as the earth-building processes that produce southern Mexico’s rugged landscape. In turn, these towns appear as historical relics when compared with the modern metropolis of Mexico City. Shells and stones on the Aztecs' ritual blades symbolized the faces of the gods for which the sacrificial hearts were intended. More than half of the Mexican people live in the centre of the country, whereas vast areas of the arid north and the tropical south are sparsely settled. © 2021 Fact Retriever LLC. New York, NY: Henry N. Adams, Inc. 3Cobb, Allan B. The snowcapped peak of the volcano Iztaccíhuatl overlooking harvested corn in the agricultural region of Puebla state in the Mesa Central of Mexico. To the northwest and paralleling the coast is the Grijalva River valley. Early, Middle, and Late Formative periods, The age of Santa Anna: Texas and the Mexican-American War, The Mexican Revolution and its aftermath, 1910–40, The northern dynasty: Obregón and Calles, The election of López Obrador and the shift leftward, Central Intelligence Agency - The World Factbook - Mexico, Mexico - Children's Encyclopedia (Ages 8-11), Mexico - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). Mexico introduced chillies, corn and chocolate to the world. For most of that distance, they face the Gulf of California while traversing the states of Sonora, Sinaloa, and Nayarit. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). It is a part of the circum-Pacific “Ring of Fire”—a region of active volcanism and frequent seismic activity. In Mexico, artists can pay their taxes with their artworks. 2001. Mexican society is characterized by extremes of wealth and poverty, with a limited middle class wedged between an elite cadre of landowners and investors on the one hand and masses of rural and urban poor on the other. The descendants of the Aztecs speak a form of the Aztec language called Nahuatl. The gently sloping western side of these mountain ranges is in contrast to the steep eastern escarpment, which makes access from the Gulf of California extremely difficult. The Maya and other Indians made impressive murals, sculptures, and jewellery. He went to the United States, where he called on Mexicans to rise up and overthrow Diaz. Mexico City sinks between 0.2 and 1.3 feet each year. Mexico is home to a very rare rabbit called the volcano rabbit which lives near Mexican volcanoes. The first university in North America, and the second in the Americas, was the Royal and Pontifical University of Mexico. The plateau tilts gently upward from the north toward the south; at its northern end, the Mesa del Norte is about 4,000 feet (1,200 metres) above sea level. Mexico the People. Bounded on the east by the steep-sided Sierra Madre Occidental, the lowlands are a series of coastal terraces, mesas, and small basins interspersed with riverine deltas and restricted coastal strips. Professor Emeritus of Geography, San Diego State University, California. Mexico is a land of extremes, with high mountains and deep canyons in the center of the country, sweeping deserts in the north, and dense rain forests in the south and east. Within the highlands the low, crystalline Sierra de Soconusco range lies along the Pacific coast. Trans. Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Many of its words, particularly for types of food, passed into English...such as tomatoes (, About 60% of the modern Mexican population is, Hernan Cortés had a native mistress and able translator Marina (La Malinche). Now they are the name of Mexico's small population: Caucasian Europeans, Americans, and Canadians. Yet even the bustling capital city, which has been continually built and rebuilt on the rubble of past civilizations, reveals Mexico’s wide range of social, economic, and cultural struggles. The official name of Mexico is Estados Únidos Mexicanos (United Mexican States). The Baja California peninsula in northwestern Mexico is an isolated strip of extremely arid land extending between the Pacific Ocean and the Gulf of California (Sea of Cortez). Mexico was the home to many great civilizations including the Olmec, the Maya, the Zapotec, and the Aztec. 1Ackroyd, Peter. 11 Interesting Facts about Mexico. The Guadalupan name and image are national symbols and widely honored, especially as, according to legend, the name was chosen by the Virgin herself. Durham, NC: Duke University Press. The years after the fall of the dictator Porfirio Diaz (1877–1880 and 1884–1911) were marked by bloody political-military strife and trouble with the U.S., culminating in the punitive U.S. expedition into northern Mexico (1916–1917) in unsuccessful pursuit of the revolutionary Pancho Villa. In the minds of most people, Mexico is usually seen as a beach resort destination or a corrupt narco-state run by drug lords. The triangular northern portion of the plain, which is characterized by lagoons and low-lying swampy areas, reaches a width of more than 100 miles (160 km) near the U.S. border but tapers toward the south. Eventually Spanish Conquistadors took over the … Including these insular territories, the roughly triangular country covers an area about three times the size of Texas. The Gulf Coastal Plain, which is much wider than its Pacific coast counterpart, extends some 900 miles (1,450 km) along the Gulf of Mexico from Tamaulipas state (on the Texas border) through Veracruz and Tabasco states to the Yucatán Peninsula; it includes the Tabasco Plain in its southeastern section. Accessed: May 5, 2017. Pre-Columbian Mexico It is assumed that the first inhabitants of Middle America were early American Indians, of Asian derivation, who migrated into the area at some time during the final stage of the Pleistocene Epoch. Mexico is the most populated Spanish-speaking country in the world. The Mesa Central, moister and generally flatter than the Mesa del Norte, is divided into a series of fairly level intermontane basins separated by eroded volcanic peaks. In 1994, a group of Mexican peasants and farmers called the Zapatistas (named after Emiliano Zapata) started another revolt to highlight the differences between the rich and poor. Sort out the random interesting facts about countries around the world. Modern Mexican artists include great painters, photographers, sculptors and muralists (people who create artwork on walls). It is also one of the largest cities in the world. In Mexico, struggling artists can pay taxes with their artwork. Migrants from impoverished rural areas have poured into Mexico’s cities, and nearly four-fifths of Mexicans now live in urban areas. The region is rich in silver, lead, zinc, copper, and tin deposits. One of the most important facts about Mexico is that its been around for a very, very long time. The Mexicans: A Sense of Culture. "Valuing Cinco de Mayo In Margaritas, Avocados And Cerveza (Infographics)." One of the world’s youngest volcanoes, Parícutin emerged violently from the fields of Michoacán between 1943 and 1952. Past epochs never vanish completely, and blood still drips from all their wounds, even the most ancient. Around Mexico City the weak, structurally unstable soils that remain have caused the colonial-era Metropolitan Cathedral and other buildings to shift on their foundations and, over many years, to list or sink unevenly into the ground. Here are a few of the more interesting and well-known figures who left their indelible mark on the history of the great nation of Mexico. But in spite of the challenges it faces as a developing country, Mexico is one of the chief economic and political forces in Latin America. 9The World Fact Book: Mexico. Omissions? Mexico was prey to foreign powers. Mexican society is characterized by extremes of wealth and poverty, with a limited middle class wedged between an elite cadre of landowners and investors on the one hand and masses of rural and urban poor on the other. Francisco I. Madero "lost" the election, but he was far from through. Forbes. They would sacrifice between 10,000 to 50,000 victims per year. The islands of Cozumel and Mujeres lie off the peninsula’s northeastern tip, near the resort boomtown of Cancún. The Cordillera Neo-Volcánica, also called the Neo-Volcanic Axis or Trans-Volcanic Axis, is a geologically active mountain range whose smoldering cinder cones link the Sierra Madre Occidental with the Sierra Madre Oriental at the southern edge of the Mesa Central. Spanish is one of its recognized regional languages. Historical Facts About Mexico City In the 16th century, the Spanish conquistador Hernan Cortes set out to build a new city on the ruins of the Aztec … Throughout its history, Mexico has been home to great artists. Mexico is an ancient land that, long before the arrival of the Europeans, had already seen the rise and fall of great Indian empires. The North Atlantic Free Trade Association (NAFTA) was created in 1994 to encourage trade among the United States, Actor Anthony Quinn was the first Mexican to win an Academy Award for his role in the 1952 movies. It is one of the poorest areas of Mexico. Millions of monarch butterflies migrate to Mexico every year from the U.S. and. The Olmecs Did it First North of the port of Tampico, an outlier of the Sierra Madre Oriental reaches the sea and interrupts the continuity of the Gulf Coastal Plain. On their southwestern side, approximately from Puerto Vallarta to the Gulf of Tehuantepec, are a series of relatively low ranges known collectively as the Sierra Madre del Sur. June 23, 2016. Mexico, country of southern North America and the third largest country in Latin America, after Brazil and Argentina. However, the majority of people don’t know the facts about Mexico, its culture, and its people.. Their opinion is based on stereotypes and bad press. The more calm neighbor of the poorest areas of Mexico is officially known as a newly industrious country is. Areas of Mexico mexico history facts history for a Mexican state Zapotec civilization ( 600 B.C.-A.D. 800 ) established cities. 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